构建级别甲板的完整指南
了解如何使用长凳,播种机和装饰边框构建定制的复合甲板。
![文章图像](https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2014/07/05142427/guertin-1-700x438.png)
概要:这本十六页的文章深入探讨了如何使用长凳,种植者和防腐烂的甲板建造适度尺寸的级别甲板。这篇文章由经验丰富的专业建筑商撰写,为读者提供了最好的,符合代码的方法,用于布局,挖掘和倾倒立足点,附加分类帐,框架和安装装饰。此外,还有有关如何建造甲板楼梯,外观良好的内置长凳以及掩盖甲板下方区域的详细信息。
对于今年的全甲板项目,Fine Homebuilding要求我参加合作的努力,以添加新的甲板去项目室。位于马里兰州的承包商克莱门斯·杰拉(Clemens Jellema)为紧凑的级甲板做出了设计。我修改了他的计划,以包括我想要的一些细节,例如整体轮束,后框架附件以及稳健的分类帐闪烁。
Built with pressure-treated framing and composite decking, this deck doesn’t have a railing (none are required for decks less than 30 in. above grade) but still offers lots of fundamental, code-compliant details that can be applied to other decks. You’ll also find plenty of valuable tricks, such as site-made footing forms, improved分类帐细节和有关使用复合甲板材料的技巧。
我花了一天的时间来勾勒出细节,但是通过提高我对项目的效率来获得额外的计划。Project House编辑Justin Fink提供了动手协助。
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2014/07/10112652/adjust-deck.png)
调整甲板的宽度
Every deck, even one with a simple plan, still has plenty of elements that must be worked through before it can be built. Here, the plans show framing dimensions of 16 ft. by 12 ft., but they don’t include details for things like decking, perimeter skirting, and trim. The composite decking chosen for the project uses a hidden-fastener system that locks into edge slots on the boards. I had to resize the deck frame slightly so that I could build with fullsize decking and trim boards, rather than have to rip everything to size and then screw and plug the ripped boards.
定位和挖掘基础
定位footingsthat support the outside of the deck, and also the footing for the stairs, I started by locating the ledger on the house. Then I set up a stringline at the location of the deck frame’s outermost face. Using the Pythagorean theorem, I created perpendicular lines from the ends of the ledger to the stringline. This established the deck’s perimeter, which I needed to lay out and dig the footings.
I calculated the load each footing would carry and determined the necessary size. However, instead of digging 13-in.-dia. holes for the outboard footings and a 16-in.-dia. hole for the middle (which carries a greater load than the outboard footings), I dug 10-in.-dia. holes and flared the holes’ bottoms. Plastic bags attached to cardboard form tubes allowed the concrete to fill the holes and create spread footings. The required footing depth in this jurisdiction is 42 in.
在挖洞和浇注混凝土our modified footing tubes, we placed the anchor bolts and checked their locations with the stringline. Once everything was set, we graded the soil from the footing holes to establish a positive slope away from the house. This was the last chance to adjust the grade beneath the low deck before we started to erect the frame. After raking the footing spoils smooth, we compacted them with a tamper.